Withdrawal of ISO 1307-1975

Rubber and plastics hoses — Bore diameters and tolerances on length

Rubber and plastics hoses for general-purpose industrial applications — Bore diameters and tolerances, and tolerances on length

Rubber and plastics hoses — Hose sizes, minimum and maximum inside diameters, and tolerances on cut-to-length hoses

Rubber hoses for agricultural spraying

Rubber hoses for agricultural spraying

Rubber hoses for agricultural spraying

Rubber hoses for agricultural spraying

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydrostatic testing

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydrostatic testing

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydrostatic testing

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydrostatic testing

Rubber hoses for water, general purpose — Specification

Rubber hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Rubber hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Rubber hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Withdrawal of ISO/R 1404-1970

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types — Specification — Part 1: Oil-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types — Specification — Part 2: Water-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-reinforced hydraulic type — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification — Technical Corrigendum 1

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber or plastics hoses and tubing — Bending tests

Rubber or plastics hoses and tubing — Bending tests

Rubber or plastics hoses and tubing — Bending tests — Technical Corrigendum 1

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Part 1: On-shore oil suction and discharge — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Part 2: Ship/dockside discharge — Specification

Rubber hoses for oil suction and discharge

Rubber hose and hose assemblies for oil suction and discharge service — Specification

Rubber hoses for aircraft ground fuelling without static conducting wire

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraft ground fuelling and defuelling — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraft ground fuelling and defuelling — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraft ground fuelling and defuelling — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraft ground fuelling and defuelling — Specification

Industrial rubber hose for compressed air (up to 2,5 MPa)

Rubber hose, textile-reinforced, for compressed air — Specification

Rubber hoses, textile-reinforced, for compressed air — Specification

Rubber hoses, textile-reinforced, for compressed air — Specification

Rubber hoses, textile-reinforced, for compressed air — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) — Bulk transfer applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in the liquid or gaseous phase and natural gas up to 25 bar (2,5 MPa) — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in the liquid or gaseous phase and natural gas up to 2,5 MPa (25 bar) — Specification

Rubber hose for fuel truck delivery

Rubber hoses for bulk fuel truck delivery — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for bulk fuel delivery by truck — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for bulk fuel delivery by truck — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for bulk fuel delivery by truck — Specification

Rubber hose for grit blasting

Rubber hoses for sand and grit blasting — Specification

Rubber hoses for sand and grit blasting — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for sand and grit blasting — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered spiral-wire-reinforced hydraulic types — Specification — Part 1: Oil-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered spiral-wire-reinforced hydraulic types — Specification — Part 2: Water-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered, spiral wire reinforced, hydraulic type — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered spiral-wire-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered spiral-wire-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered spiral-wire-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Thermoplastics, textile-reinforced, hydraulic type — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Plastics products — Hose of polymer reinforced thermoplastics for suction and discharge

Plastics hoses — Helical-thermoplastic-reinforced thermoplastics hoses for suction and discharge of aqueous materials — Specification

Plastics hoses — Helical-thermoplastic-reinforced thermoplastics hoses for suction and discharge of aqueous materials — Specification

Plastics hoses — Helical-thermoplastic-reinforced thermoplastics hoses for suction and discharge of aqueous materials — Specification

Rubber hoses for steam — Test methods

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for steam — Test methods

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic types — Specification — Part 1: Oil-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic types — Specification — Part 2: Water-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic type — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses — Determination of gas permeance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of permeability to gas

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of permeability to gas — Technical Corrigendum 1

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of permeability to gas — Technical Corrigendum 2

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of permeability to gas

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing, and their assemblies — Determination of permeability to gas

Rubber — Coolant hoses and tubing for use on private cars and light commercial vehicles — Specification

Rubber hoses and tubing for cooling systems for internal-combustion engines — Specification

Rubber hoses and tubing for cooling systems for internal-combustion engines — Specification

Rubber hoses and tubing for cooling systems for internal-combustion engines — Specification

Rubber tubing and hoses for fuel circuits for internal combustion engines — Specification — Part 1: Conventional liquid fuels

Rubber tubing and hoses for fuel circuits for internal-combustion engines — Specification — Part 2: Oxygenated fuels

Rubber tubing and hoses for fuel circuits for internal-combustion engines — Specification — Part 3: Oxidized fuels

Rubber hoses for water suction and discharge — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for water suction and discharge — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for water suction and discharge — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for water suction and discharge — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for water suction and discharge — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses, non-collapsible, for fire-fighting service — Part 1: Semi-rigid hoses for fixed systems

Rubber and plastics hoses, non-collapsible, for fire-fighting service — Part 1: Semi-rigid hoses for fixed systems

Rubber and plastics hoses, non-collapsible, for fire-fighting service — Part 2: Semi-rigid hoses (and hose assemblies) for pumps and vehicles

Rubber and plastics hoses, non-collapsible, for fire-fighting service — Part 2: Semi-rigid hoses (and hose assemblies) for pumps and vehicles

Rubber products — Hoses, non-collapsible, for fire-fighting service

Rubber and plastics hose and hose assemblies — Methods of measurement of dimensions

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Methods of measurement of dimensions

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Methods of measurement of the dimensions of hoses and the lengths of hose assemblies

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Methods of measurement of the dimensions of hoses and the lengths of hose assemblies — Amendment 1: Clarification of position at which outside diameter is measured

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Methods of measurement of the dimensions of hoses and the lengths of hose assemblies

Rubber and plastics hoses — Sub-ambient temperature flexibility tests

Rubber and plastics hoses — Sub-ambient temperature flexibility tests

Rubber hose and hose assemblies for transferring anhydrous ammonia

Rubber hose and hose assemblies for transferring anhydrous ammonia — Specification

Rubber hose and hose assemblies for transferring anhydrous ammonia — Specification — Technical Corrigendum 1

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for transferring anhydrous ammonia — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for transferring anhydrous ammonia — Specification

Rubber hoses — Measured fuel dispensing — Part 1: Conventional petroleum based fuels — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for measured fuel dispensing — Specification

Rubber and plastic hoses and hose assemblies for measured fuel dispensing systems — Specification

Plastics hoses — Textile-reinforced thermoplastics type for compressed air — Specification

Plastics hoses — Textile-reinforced types for compressed-air applications — Specification

Plastics hoses — Textile-reinforced types for compressed-air applications — Specification

Plastics hoses — Textile-reinforced types for compressed-air applications — Specification

Plastics hoses — Textile-reinforced types for compressed-air applications — Specification

Rubber hoses for steam — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for steam — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for saturated steam — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for saturated steam — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for saturated steam — Specification

Plastics hoses, textile-reinforced, for water — Specification

Plastics hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Thermoplastics hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Thermoplastics hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Thermoplastics hoses, textile-reinforced, for general-purpose water applications — Specification

Rubber or plastics hoses — Determination of volumetric expansion

Rubber or plastics hoses — Determination of volumetric expansion — Amendment 1: Deletion of alcohol as pressurizing fluid

Rubber and plastics hoses — Determination of volumetric expansion

Rubber and plastics hose and hose assemblies — Wire reinforced — Hydraulic impulse test with flexing

Rubber and plastics hose and hose assemblies with wire reinforcements — Hydraulic impulse test with flexing

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies with wire reinforcements — Hydraulic impulse test with flexing

Rubber or plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydraulic impulse test with flexing

Rubber or plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydraulic pressure impulse test without flexing

Rubber or plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydraulic-pressure impulse test without flexing

Rubber or plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydraulic-pressure impulse test without flexing

Rubber or plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Hydraulic-pressure impulse test without flexing

Rubber hose and hose assemblies — Washing-machines and dishwashers — Specification

Rubber and plastics inlet hoses and hose assemblies for washing-machines and dishwashers — Specification

Rubber and plastics inlet hoses and hose assemblies for washing-machines and dishwashers — Specification

Rubber and plastics inlet hoses and hose assemblies for washing-machines and dishwashers — Specification

Rubber and plastics inlet hoses and hose assemblies for washing-machines and dishwashers — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for underground mining — Wire reinforced hydraulic type for coal mining

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for underground mining — Wire-reinforced hydraulic types for coal mining — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for underground mining — Wire-reinforced hydraulic types for coal mining — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for rotary drilling and vibration applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for rotary drilling and vibration applications — Specification

Plastics hoses for suction and low-pressure discharge — Petroleum liquids — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies for suction and low-pressure discharge of petroleum liquids — Specification

Plastics hoses and hose assemblies for suction and low-pressure discharge of petroleum liquids — Specification

Rubber hoses — Determination of abrasion resistance of the outer cover

Rubber hoses — Determination of abrasion resistance of the outer cover

Rubber hoses — Determination of abrasion resistance of the outer cover — Amendment 1

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vacuum resistance — Methods of test

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of suction resistance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of resistance to vacuum

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of resistance to vacuum

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of resistance to vacuum

Rubber and plastics hoses — Assessment of ozone resistance under static conditions

Rubber and plastics hoses — Assessment of ozone resistance under static conditions

Rubber and plastics hoses — Assessment of ozone resistance under static conditions

Rubber and plastics hoses — Assessment of ozone resistance under static conditions

Rubber and plastics hoses — Determination of abrasion of lining

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Ratios of proof and burst pressure to design working pressure

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Ratios of proof and burst pressure to maximum working pressure

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Ratios of proof and burst pressure to maximum working pressure — Amendment 1: Replacement of "design working pressure" by "maximum working pressure" throughout text

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Ratios of proof and burst pressure to maximum working pressure

Rubber and/or plastics hose assemblies for airless paint spraying — Specification

Rubber and/or plastics hoses and hose assemblies for airless paint spraying — Specification

Rubber and/or plastics hoses and hose assemblies for airless paint spraying — Specification

Rubber and/or plastics hoses and hose assemblies for airless paint spraying — Specification

Plastics hose — General purpose collapsible water hose, textile reinforced — Specification

Plastics hose — General-purpose collapsible water hose, textile-reinforced — Specification

Plastics hose — General-purpose collapsible water hose, textile-reinforced — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses for underground mining — Method of test for flammability

Rubber and plastics hoses — Method of test for flammability

Rubber and plastics hoses — Method of test for flammability

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of electrical resistance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of electrical resistance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of electrical resistance and conductivity

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Determination of electrical resistance and conductivity

Rubber and plastics hose assemblies — Flexing combined with hydraulic impulse test (Half omega test)

Rubber and plastics hose assemblies — Flexing combined with hydraulic impulse test (half-omega test)

Rubber and plastics hose — Determination of adhesion between components

Rubber and plastics hose — Determination of adhesion between components

Rubber and plastics hoses — Determination of adhesion between components

Rubber and plastics hoses — Determination of adhesion between components

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies for automotive air conditioning — Specification — Part 1: Refrigerant 12

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies for automotive air conditioning — Specification — Part 2: Refrigerant 134a

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies for automotive air conditioning — Specification — Part 3: Refrigerant 1234yf

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies for automotive air conditioning — Specification — Part 4: Low vibration transmission type for Refrigerant 1234yf

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Determination of transmission of liquids through hose and tubing walls

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Determination of transmission of liquids through hose and tubing walls

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Determination of transmission of liquids through hose and tubing walls

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Determination of transmission of liquids through hose and tubing walls

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vocabulary

Rubber and plastics — Glossary of terms used by the hose industry

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vocabulary

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vocabulary

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vocabulary

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Guide to selection, storage, use and maintenance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Guidelines for selection, storage, use and maintenance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Guidelines for selection, storage, use and maintenance

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Guidelines for selection, storage, use and maintenance

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for underground mining — Textile-reinforced air and water type

Rubber and plastics hoses — Determination of ultra-violet resistance under static conditions

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas in motor vehicles — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas in motor vehicles — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas in motor vehicles — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas in motor vehicles — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Measurement of flexibility and stiffness — Part 1: Bending tests at ambient temperature

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Measurement of flexibility and stiffness — Part 1: Bending tests at ambient temperature

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Measurement of flexibility and stiffness — Part 2: Bending tests at sub-ambient temperatures

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Measurement of flexibility and stiffness — Part 2: Bending tests at sub-ambient temperatures

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Measurement of flexibility and stiffness — Part 2: Bending tests at sub-ambient temperatures

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Measurement of flexibility and stiffness — Part 3: Bending tests at high and low temperatures

Rubber and plastics hoses — Assessment of ozone resistance under dynamic conditions

Rubber and plastics hoses — Assessment of ozone resistance under dynamic conditions

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced compact types for hydraulic applications — Specification — Part 1: Oil-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire-braid-reinforced compact types for hydraulic applications — Specification — Part 2: Water-based fluid applications

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Compact wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Compact wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Compact wire-braid-reinforced hydraulic types for oil-based or water-based fluids — Specification

Rubber and rubber products — Hydraulic hose assemblies — External leakage classification for hydraulic systems

Rubber hoses and tubing for air and vacuum systems for internal-combustion engines — Specification

Rubber hoses and tubing for air and vacuum systems for internal-combustion engines — Specification

Rubber hoses and tubing for air and vacuum systems for internal-combustion engines — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for automobile power-steering systems — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for automobile power-steering systems — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses — Exposure to a xenon arc lamp — Determination of changes in colour and appearance

Rubber and plastics hoses — Exposure to a xenon arc lamp — Determination of changes in colour and appearance — Technical Corrigendum 1

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for dispensing liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses for marine-engine wet-exhaust systems — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses for marine-engine wet-exhaust systems — Specification — Technical Corrigendum 1

Rubber and plastics hoses for marine-engine wet-exhaust systems — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses for fuels for internal-combustion engines — Method of test for flammability

Thermoplastic tubing and hoses for automotive use — Part 1: Non-fuel applications

Thermoplastic tubing and hoses for automotive use — Part 1: Non-fuel applications

Thermoplastic tubing and hoses for automotive use — Part 1: Non-fuel applications

Thermoplastic tubing and hoses for automotive use — Part 2: Petroleum-based-fuel applications

Thermoplastic tubing and hoses for automotive use — Part 2: Petroleum-based-fuel applications

Fire-fighting hoses — Rubber and plastics suction hoses and hose assemblies

Fire-fighting hoses — Rubber and plastics suction hoses and hose assemblies — Amendment 1

Fire-fighting hoses — Rubber and plastics suction hoses and hose assemblies

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies, wire- or textile-reinforced, for manually operated hydraulic jacks — Specification

Rubber hoses for automotive turbochargers — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Guide for use by purchasers, assemblers, installers and operating personnel

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification — Amendment 1

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and tubing for fuel circuits for internal combustion engines — Specification — Part 1: Diesel fuels

Rubber hoses and tubing for fuel circuits for internal combustion engines — Specification — Part 1: Diesel fuels

Rubber hoses and tubing for fuel circuits for internal combustion engines — Specification — Part 2: Gasoline fuels

Rubber hoses and tubing for fuel circuits for internal combustion engines — Specification — Part 2: Gasoline fuels

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies, wire- or textile-reinforced, for water jetting or water blasting applications — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies, wire- or textile-reinforced, for water jetting or water blasting applications — Specification — Amendment 1

Thermoplastics hoses and hose assemblies — Wire or synthetic yarn reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Thermoplastic hoses and hose assemblies — Wire or synthetic yarn reinforced single-pressure types for hydraulic applications — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies, wire or textile reinforced types with working pressure equal or above 70 MPa (700 bar) — Specification

Thermoplastic multi-layer (non-vulcanized) hoses and hose assemblies for the transfer of hydrocarbons, solvents and chemicals — Specification

Thermoplastic multi-layer (non-vulcanized) hoses and hose assemblies for the transfer of hydrocarbons, solvents and chemicals — Specification

Thermoplastic multi-layer (non-vulcanized) hoses and hose assemblies for the transfer of liquid petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas — Specification

Thermoplastic multi-layer (non-vulcanized) hoses and hose assemblies for the transfer of liquid petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies, wire or textile reinforced, for dredging applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies, wire or textile reinforced, for dredging applications — Specification

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies, wire or textile reinforced, for dredging applications — Specification — Amendment 1

Rubber hoses and hose assemblies, wire or textile reinforced, for dredging applications — Specification

Rubber and plastics hoses and tubing — Textile-reinforced types — Sub-ambient temperature crush test

Rubber and plastics hoses — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Determination of changes in colour, appearance and other physical properties